Pacientes y profesionales de la salud colombianos frente al final de la vida

El final de la vida, la muerte y el morir siempre han sido temas de reflexión en diferentes épocas y culturas. En el mundo contemporáneo, estas reflexiones se han transformado de la mano de la tecnología y la atención médica altamente sofisticada. Cada día, más personas mueren en los hospitales, rodeadas de dispositivos de alta tecnología; al mismo tiempo, las personas están más solas y expropiadas de sí mismas que nunca, situaciones exacerbadas por la pandemia Covid-19. Esto ha dado como resultado en el surgimiento de discursos que enfatizan la importancia de brindar la oportunidad de tener un proceso de morir único, personal y trascendental, con la dignidad, solemnidad y respeto que realmente se merece

Multimodal Emotional Understanding in Robotics

In the context of Human-Robot Interaction (HRI), emotional understanding is becoming more popular because it turns robots more humanized and user-friendly. Giving a robot the ability to recognize emotions has several difficulties due to the limits of the robots’ hardware and the real-world environments in which it works. In this sense, an out-of-robot approach and a multimodal approach can be the solution. This paper presents the implementation of a previous proposed multi-modal emotional system in the context of social robotics; that works on a server and bases its prediction in four modalities as inputs (face, posture, body, and context features) captured through the robot’s sensors; the predicted emotion triggers some robot behavior changes. Working on a server allows overcoming the robot’s hardware limitations but gaining some delay in the communication. Working with several modalities allows facing complex real-world scenarios strongly and adaptively. This research is focused on analyzing, explaining, and arguing the usability and viability of an out-of-robot and multimodal approach for emotional robots. Functionality tests were applied with the expected results, demonstrating that the entire proposed system takes around two seconds; delay justified on the deep learning models used, which are improvable. Regarding the HRI evaluations, a brief discussion about the remaining assessments is presented, explaining how difficult it can be a well-done evaluation of this work. The demonstration of the system functionality can be seen at https://youtu.be/MYYfazSa2N0

Diplomado de profundización en fundamentos de salud pública

El concepto de salud pública hace referencia a la responsabilidad estatal y ciudadana de protección de la salud, la cual es vista como un derecho esencial, individual, colectivo y comunitario. Durante años el concepto de salud pública ha ido modificándose de acuerdo con las distintas dimensiones políticas, culturales, sociales, entre otras que están en constante relación con la sociedad, sin embargo, en el contexto colombiano, la evolución de la salud publica se ha visto desde el cambio de instituciones encargadas de los aspectos de control de enfermedades, de promoción, prevención, más la introducción de leyes que aseguran la salud como un derecho. Es por esto que la salud pública es de importancia para los regentes de farmacia, ya que a través de esta se implementan y desarrollan estrategias y sistemas para atender las necesidades en salud de la población colombiana.The concept of public health refers to the state and citizen responsibility for health protection, which is seen as an essential, individual, collective and community right. For years the concept of public health has been modified according to the different political, cultural, social dimensions, among others that are in constant relationship with society, however, in the Colombian context, the evolution of public health has been seen from the change of institutions in charge of the aspects of disease control, promotion, prevention, plus the introduction of laws that ensure health as a right. This is why public health is of importance for pharmacy regents, since through this strategy and systems are implemented and developed to meet the health needs of the Colombian population

Emotion Detection for Social Robots Based on NLP Transformers and an Emotion Ontology

For social robots, knowledge regarding human emotional states is an essential part of adapting their behavior or associating emotions to other entities. Robots gather the information from which emotion detection is processed via different media, such as text, speech, images, or videos. The multimedia content is then properly processed to recognize emotions/sentiments, for example, by analyzing faces and postures in images/videos based on machine learning techniques or by converting speech into text to perform emotion detection with natural language processing (NLP) techniques. Keeping this information in semantic repositories offers a wide range of possibilities for implementing smart applications. We propose a framework to allow social robots to detect emotions and to store this information in a semantic repository, based on EMONTO (an EMotion ONTOlogy), and in the first figure or table caption. Please define if appropriate. an ontology to represent emotions. As a proof-of-concept, we develop a first version of this framework focused on emotion detection in text, which can be obtained directly as text or by converting speech to text. We tested the implementation with a case study of tour-guide robots for museums that rely on a speech-to-text converter based on the Google Application Programming Interface (API) and a Python library, a neural network to label the emotions in texts based on NLP transformers, and EMONTO integrated with an ontology for museums; thus, it is possible to register the emotions that artworks produce in visitors. We evaluate the classification model, obtaining equivalent results compared with a state-of-the-art transformer-based model and with a clear roadmap for improvement

Adaptive Multimodal Emotion Detection Architecture for Social Robots

Emotion recognition is a strategy for social robots used to implement better Human-Robot Interaction and model their social behaviour. Since human emotions can be expressed in different ways (e.g., face, gesture, voice), multimodal approaches are useful to support the recognition process. However, although there exist studies dealing with multimodal emotion recognition for social robots, they still present limitations in the fusion process, dropping their performance if one or more modalities are not present or if modalities have different qualities. This is a common situation in social robotics, due to the high variety of the sensory capacities of robots; hence, more flexible multimodal models are needed. In this context, we propose an adaptive and flexible emotion recognition architecture able to work with multiple sources and modalities of information and manage different levels of data quality and missing data, to lead robots to better understand the mood of people in a given environment and accordingly adapt their behaviour. Each modality is analyzed independently to then aggregate the partial results with a previous proposed fusion method, called EmbraceNet+, which is adapted and integrated to our proposed framework. We also present an extensive review of state-of-the-art studies dealing with fusion methods for multimodal emotion recognition approaches. We evaluate the performance of our proposed architecture by performing different tests in which several modalities are combined to classify emotions using four categories (i.e., happiness, neutral, sadness, and anger). Results reveal that our approach is able to adapt to the quality and presence of modalities. Furthermore, results obtained are validated and compared with other similar proposals, obtaining competitive performance with state-of-the-art models

Comparison of seven prognostic tools to identify low-risk pulmonary embolism in patients aged <50 years

publishersversionPeer reviewe

Mortality from gastrointestinal congenital anomalies at 264 hospitals in 74 low-income, middle-income, and high-income countries: a multicentre, international, prospective cohort study

Summary Background Congenital anomalies are the fifth leading cause of mortality in children younger than 5 years globally. Many gastrointestinal congenital anomalies are fatal without timely access to neonatal surgical care, but few studies have been done on these conditions in low-income and middle-income countries (LMICs). We compared outcomes of the seven most common gastrointestinal congenital anomalies in low-income, middle-income, and high-income countries globally, and identified factors associated with mortality. Methods We did a multicentre, international prospective cohort study of patients younger than 16 years, presenting to hospital for the first time with oesophageal atresia, congenital diaphragmatic hernia, intestinal atresia, gastroschisis, exomphalos, anorectal malformation, and Hirschsprung’s disease. Recruitment was of consecutive patients for a minimum of 1 month between October, 2018, and April, 2019. We collected data on patient demographics, clinical status, interventions, and outcomes using the REDCap platform. Patients were followed up for 30 days after primary intervention, or 30 days after admission if they did not receive an intervention. The primary outcome was all-cause, in-hospital mortality for all conditions combined and each condition individually, stratified by country income status. We did a complete case analysis. Findings We included 3849 patients with 3975 study conditions (560 with oesophageal atresia, 448 with congenital diaphragmatic hernia, 681 with intestinal atresia, 453 with gastroschisis, 325 with exomphalos, 991 with anorectal malformation, and 517 with Hirschsprung’s disease) from 264 hospitals (89 in high-income countries, 166 in middleincome countries, and nine in low-income countries) in 74 countries. Of the 3849 patients, 2231 (58·0%) were male. Median gestational age at birth was 38 weeks (IQR 36–39) and median bodyweight at presentation was 2·8 kg (2·3–3·3). Mortality among all patients was 37 (39·8%) of 93 in low-income countries, 583 (20·4%) of 2860 in middle-income countries, and 50 (5·6%) of 896 in high-income countries (p<0·0001 between all country income groups). Gastroschisis had the greatest difference in mortality between country income strata (nine [90·0%] of ten in lowincome countries, 97 [31·9%] of 304 in middle-income countries, and two [1·4%] of 139 in high-income countries; p≤0·0001 between all country income groups). Factors significantly associated with higher mortality for all patients combined included country income status (low-income vs high-income countries, risk ratio 2·78 [95% CI 1·88–4·11], p<0·0001; middle-income vs high-income countries, 2·11 [1·59–2·79], p<0·0001), sepsis at presentation (1·20 [1·04–1·40], p=0·016), higher American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) score at primary intervention (ASA 4–5 vs ASA 1–2, 1·82 [1·40–2·35], p<0·0001; ASA 3 vs ASA 1–2, 1·58, [1·30–1·92], p<0·0001]), surgical safety checklist not used (1·39 [1·02–1·90], p=0·035), and ventilation or parenteral nutrition unavailable when needed (ventilation 1·96, [1·41–2·71], p=0·0001; parenteral nutrition 1·35, [1·05–1·74], p=0·018). Administration of parenteral nutrition (0·61, [0·47–0·79], p=0·0002) and use of a peripherally inserted central catheter (0·65 [0·50–0·86], p=0·0024) or percutaneous central line (0·69 [0·48–1·00], p=0·049) were associated with lower mortality. Interpretation Unacceptable differences in mortality exist for gastrointestinal congenital anomalies between lowincome, middle-income, and high-income countries. Improving access to quality neonatal surgical care in LMICs will be vital to achieve Sustainable Development Goal 3.2 of ending preventable deaths in neonates and children younger than 5 years by 2030

Análisis de los factores psicosocial y jurídico del menor trabajador, sector metropolitano, barrio Siete de Abril de Barranquilla, para el restablecimiento de sus derechos.

Determinar las condiciones de vida de tres menores trabajadores del Sector Metropolitano del Barrio siete de abril del Distrito de Barranquilla, con el fin de establecer recomendaciones que sirvan para el restablecimiento de sus derechos y el desarrollo integral de este tipo de población.Este proyecto de investigación, tributa a la línea de investigación de Paz y Noviolencia, tiene como propósito determinar las condiciones de vida de tres menores trabajadores del Sector Metropolitano del Barrio siete de abril del Distrito de Barranquilla, con el fin de establecer recomendaciones que sirvan para el restablecimiento de sus derechos y el desarrollo integral de este tipo de población. Se enfoca en la problemática del trabajo infantil, el cual está relacionado con la percepción cultural, que basada en relaciones sociales es aprendida, compartida y trasmitida históricamente, por lo anterior se consideró fundamental realizar un análisis de la situación psicosocial y jurídica de tres menores generadores de ingresos familiares, que sea la base de una propuesta de intervención tendiente al restablecimiento de sus derechos y su desarrollo integral. El contexto de esta investigación es un populoso sector del Distrito Especial y Portuario de Barranquilla, ubicado en el Sector Metropolitano del barrio Siete de Abril. Durante el proceso de caracterización, se identificaron como principales problemas, la falta de ingresos y oportunidades laborales, así como las complejas dinámicas familiares que influyen en la calidad de vida de estas familias, entre otros aspectos. La investigación se realiza desde el enfoque metodológico interpretativo, a través del análisis de las historias de vida de tres menores generadores de ingresos, residentes en el barrio Siete de Abril. Los resultados de la investigación permitieron la identificación de aspectos clave en las condiciones psicosocial y jurídico de los menores, lo que sustenta la necesidad de generar conciencia

Análisis de los factores psicosocial y jurídico del menor trabajador, sector metropolitano, barrio Siete de Abril de Barranquilla, para el restablecimiento de sus derechos.

Determinar las condiciones de vida de tres menores trabajadores del Sector Metropolitano del Barrio siete de abril del Distrito de Barranquilla, con el fin de establecer recomendaciones que sirvan para el restablecimiento de sus derechos y el desarrollo integral de este tipo de población.Este proyecto de investigación, tributa a la línea de investigación de Paz y Noviolencia, tiene como propósito determinar las condiciones de vida de tres menores trabajadores del Sector Metropolitano del Barrio siete de abril del Distrito de Barranquilla, con el fin de establecer recomendaciones que sirvan para el restablecimiento de sus derechos y el desarrollo integral de este tipo de población. Se enfoca en la problemática del trabajo infantil, el cual está relacionado con la percepción cultural, que basada en relaciones sociales es aprendida, compartida y trasmitida históricamente, por lo anterior se consideró fundamental realizar un análisis de la situación psicosocial y jurídica de tres menores generadores de ingresos familiares, que sea la base de una propuesta de intervención tendiente al restablecimiento de sus derechos y su desarrollo integral. El contexto de esta investigación es un populoso sector del Distrito Especial y Portuario de Barranquilla, ubicado en el Sector Metropolitano del barrio Siete de Abril. Durante el proceso de caracterización, se identificaron como principales problemas, la falta de ingresos y oportunidades laborales, así como las complejas dinámicas familiares que influyen en la calidad de vida de estas familias, entre otros aspectos. La investigación se realiza desde el enfoque metodológico interpretativo, a través del análisis de las historias de vida de tres menores generadores de ingresos, residentes en el barrio Siete de Abril. Los resultados de la investigación permitieron la identificación de aspectos clave en las condiciones psicosocial y jurídico de los menores, lo que sustenta la necesidad de generar conciencia